CBSE Class 10 Maths Syllabus (2025-26) UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. REAL NUMBERS
- Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic – statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples
- Proofs of irrationality of √2, √3, √5
.
UNIT II: ALGEBRA
1. POLYNOMIALS
- Zeros of a polynomial
- Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials
2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
- Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency
- Algebraic conditions for number of solutions
- Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically – by substitution, by elimination
- Simple situational problems
3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
- Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0,(a≠0)ax^2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0)ax2+bx+c=0, (a≠0)
- Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization and by using quadratic formula
- Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots
- Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day-to-day activities
4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
- Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression
- Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of AP and their application in solving daily life problems
UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. Coordinate Geometry
- Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry
- Distance formula
- Section formula (internal division)
UNIT IV: GEOMETRY
1. TRIANGLES
Definitions, examples, counter-examples of similar triangles
(Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio
(State) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side
(State) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar
(State) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the triangles are similar
(State) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar
2. CIRCLES
Tangent to a circle at the point of contact
(Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact
(Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal
UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY
1. Introduction to Trigonometry
- Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle.
- Proof of their existence (well defined).
- Motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0° and 90°.
- Values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45°, and 60°.
- Relationships between the ratios
2. Trigonometric Identities
- Proof and applications of the identity:
- sin2A+cos2A=1
- Only simple identities to be given.
3. Heights and Distances
- Angle of elevation, angle of depression.
- Simple problems on heights and distances.
- Problems should not involve more than two right triangles.
- Angles of elevation/depression should be only 30°, 45°, and 60°.
UNIT VI: MENSURATION
1. Areas Related to Circles
Area of sectors and segments of a circle.
Problems based on areas and perimeter/circumference of the above said plane figures.
In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90°, and 120° only.
2. Surface Areas and Volumes
Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following:
Cubes
Cuboids
Spheres
Hemispheres
Right circular cylinders/cones
UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
1. Statistics
Mean, median and mode of grouped data
(Bimodal situation to be avoided)
2. Probability
Classical definition of probability
Simple problems on finding the probability of an event
